• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:AT510027A4
    申请号:T13722010
    申请日:2010-08-16
    公开日:2012-01-15
    发明作者:Christian Dr Neugebauer；Florian Dipl Ing Guenther
    申请人:Ruag Space Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    The invention relates to a device for holding and commanded releasing a release element of a spacecraft, comprising a split bobbin having at least two coil segments, wherein at least one coil segment is displaceable from a first position to a second position, wherein the coil segments in the first position one end hold the element to be released in a holding position and release in the second position, the end of the element to be released from its holding position, a retaining element for holding the coil segments in the first position and a release device for releasing the retaining element.
    The invention further relates to a retaining element for the device mentioned.
    Spacecraft-mounted elements must be placed in a space-saving manner during the start-up process in order to find space in the limited space of a launcher and they must endure considerable mechanical loads during this start-up procedure. For this reason, such elements are attached to the spacecraft in the folded state and a stiff load path is provided which transmits the significant inertial forces during rocket launch. The opening of these folded elements or the separation of the rigid load path is effected by a release device, which commands a release element releases, with which the spacecraft mounted element is biased. Among other things, elements that use the principle of the split bobbin (split spool principle) have been established for this task. The coil segments of the divided bobbin hold back the element to be released. The bobbins are in turn radially restrained by a retaining element around them, which can be released by command.
    It is known from the prior art that the retaining element is formed by a wire which is helically wound around the split bobbin, wherein the windings do not overlap each other. Alternatively, it has also been proposed to spirally wind a tape around the split bobbin (US 2010/0005913 A1). A disadvantage of the known embodiments of the retaining element is that it does not always open reliably after release. Although the wire or the band usually consists of a flexurally elastic material, there is the danger that the individual turns will overturn after the rebound caused by the release, thereby creating an uncontrolled condition.
    The invention therefore aims to improve a device of the type mentioned in that the retaining element after its release allows a reliable opening of the split bobbin, the retaining element for this purpose, in particular to be able to self-motorized after its release from tensioned state to enter the open, relaxed state. At the same time, the retaining element is intended to reliably retain the coil segments in the non-released state, wherein the lowest possible holding force on the release device acting on the retaining element is desirable. The mechanical stress in the retaining element should also be as low as possible. The invention further aims to design the retaining element such that its reliable functioning does not depend on the overall height of the divided coil body. The retaining element should therefore not represent the height of the bobbin determining factor.
    To solve these objects, the invention essentially provides that the retaining element is formed by a wound around the bobbin band having a rectangular cross-section. The inventive construction is associated with a number of advantages. In particular, when the strip with the longer side of the rectangular cross-section rests on the bobbin, the bending stiffness of the rectangular cross-section about an axis parallel to the axis of the split bobbin is significantly less than about an axis which is perpendicular to the axis of the split bobbin. This prevents overturning of the turns when opening.
    Since the belt is to open itself motorized, the inner diameter of the belt must be greater in the tension-free state than in the wound around the split bobbin state. When wrapping the bobbin thus bending stresses are caused in the band. In addition, acting in the circumferential direction tensile stress, which is caused by the bias of the element to be released, which presses the coil segments radially apart. The cross-sectional area, which is available for transmitting the tensile stresses in the circumferential direction, is greater by a factor of 4 / n (= 1,273 ...) for the rectangular cross section than for a circular cross section. This means that the ability to tolerate a given circumferential force is higher for a rectangular cross-section than for a circular cross-section. The bending stresses caused by a given deformation during wrapping are proportional to half the width in the rectangular cross section and 4 to half the diameter in the circular cross section. This means that the bending stresses are the same for both cross sections. The rectangular cross-section thus allows a lower overall height of the retaining element at the same total voltage or a lower total voltage at the same height.
    Since the ratio of width and height can be chosen approximately freely in a rectangular cross-section, it is possible to reduce the number of turns and thus the risk of snagging or overturning of turns when opening. The aspect ratio of the longer side to the shorter side of the rectangular cross section may be between 2 and 10 in an advantageous manner.
    Since the ratio of width and height can be chosen approximately freely in a rectangular cross-section, the dependence between the required number of turns determined by the Euler-Eytelwein and the minimum number of turns necessary for the circumferential force to be transmitted is eliminated. This increases the freedom of action in the design.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the band is wound in a plurality of turns around the bobbin, which do not overlap each other. As a result, in the case of an overlapping winding of the retaining element, the otherwise existing danger of an uncontrolled opening process, in which the individual turns obstruct each other, can be avoided.
    The opening process is further favored when the band is separably connected at one end to the bobbin, wherein the band at the other end can be separably or inseparably connected to the release device.
    As already mentioned, the band should advantageously consist of a flexurally elastic material in order to ensure self-motorized opening. Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the band consists of a work-hardened steel.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing. In this show
    1 is a perspective view of a device for holding and commanded release of a release element of a spacecraft,
    2 shows a cross-sectional view of the bobbin,
    3 is a perspective view of the end of the freely-dispensing element,
    4 is a perspective view of a Spulenseg element,
    5 shows a cross section along the line V-V of Figure 2,
    6 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI of Figure 2,
    7 shows a representation of the retaining band on the bobbin in a prestressed state,
    8 shows a representation of the retaining band in relaxed
    Status,
    9a / 9b a comparison between a retaining band with rectangular and round cross-section,
    10 is a perspective view of the release device,
    Fig.ll is a view of the release device from the side, 6
    12 shows a cross section of the release device according to the line XII-XII of Fig.ll,
    FIGS. 13a-13c show a representation of the retained and two released states of the release device;
    14 is a perspective view of the clamping device for the tear-off,
    15 shows a plan view of the clamping device and FIG. 16 shows a cross section of the clamping device according to the line XVI-XVI of FIG.
    In Fig.l device 1 for holding and commanded releasing a release element of a spacecraft is shown. There is provided a split bobbin 2 which is mounted on a mounting flange 3 and consists of three coil segments 4 which are held by a prestressed restraining band 5 in the assembled position shown in Fig.l. As can be seen from the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 2, the split bobbin 2 is hollow and holds in its interior the end 6 of a member 7 to be released. The end 6 of the element 7 to be released is designed for this purpose as a hemisphere and accordingly has a spherical surface (FIG. 3). The end 6 lies with its spherical surface in recesses 8, wherein in each coil segment 4, a recess 8 is formed, wherein the recesses 8 each have a concave, spherical counter-surface (Figure 4). The element 7 to be released is clamped by means of a nut, not shown, in the axial direction against the counter surfaces of the recesses 8, so that the element 7 to be released is held by the bobbin 2, as long as the prestressed retaining band 5, the coil segments 4 in the position shown in Figure 2 holds together. When the tensioned end 9 of the restraining belt 5 7 is released and the elastic restraining belt 5 thereby springs back to a larger diameter, the spooling forces 4 due to the element 7 to be released contact the spherical surface of the end 6 with the spherical opposing surfaces of the recesses 8 forces transmitted to the coil segments 4 in the radial direction, whereby the element to be released in the direction of the arrow 10 is released.
    As can be seen in particular in the sectional view according to Figure 5, the spherical end 6 is located on the mating surfaces of the recesses 8 of the three coil segments 4 to form a point contact, wherein the respective contact point 12 lies in a plane which through the bisectors of the given coil segments 4 is given. The spherical mating surfaces of the recesses 8 are arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis 13 of the bobbin 2, wherein the respective ball center lies in a plane which is given by the bisectors of the coil segments, and the centers in the non-released state of the bobbin 2 not congruent are. The cylindrical recesses 14 are arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis 13 of the bobbin (Figure 6). The diameter of the spherical recess 8 and the cylindrical recesses 14 is greater than that of the ball on the element to be released 7. Due to the eccentricity and the different diameters results in a contact geometry, which has a high conformity - analogous to a ball bearing.
    In Figs. 7, 8 and 9a / 9b, the bobbin with the helical retaining band 5 is Darge. The retaining band 5 has a rectangular transverse section 8 (FIG. 9 a) and, in the tension-free state (FIG. 8), has a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the coil segments 4. The retaining band 5 is wound helically and non-overlapping around the coil segments 4 and is separably connected at the lower end 15 with the coil segments 4 and held at the upper end 9 by a release device 16, which allows the upper end 9 of the restraining band 5 commanded release. From a comparison of Figures 9a and 9b shows that in a rectangular cross-section of the retaining band 5 compared to a circular cross-section, a much larger cross-section for receiving the tensile forces available, while the thickness of the band 5 and the diameter of the Round wire dependent caused by the imposed deformation bending stresses are substantially equal.
    In FIG. 9 a, it can be seen that the individual turns of the restraining strap 5 have a small axial distance from each other, in order to ensure that the individual turns do not interfere with one another during the relaxation process of the restraining strap 5. But even in a design in which touch the windings, a satisfactory result is expected.
    10 to 13 show the release device 16 for commanded release of the end 9 of the retaining band 5. The end 9 of the retaining band 5 is connected to a hook 17 which engages at one end of the lever 18 and engages there in a notch 19. The lever 18 is retained at its other end by means of a first holding element 20 and a second holding element 21. The holding elements 20 and 21 each have a tear-off wire 22, which comprises the lever 18, without lying in grooves or the like. For 9 mechanical holding and electrical contacting of the ends of the tear-off wires 22, the holding member 20 and 21 each have a disc shock 11, which is described in more detail below. The tear-off wires 22 can be opened by command by passing an electric current through them, whereby the tear-off wire 22 heats up and its mechanical strength decreases until it breaks. The tear-off wire 22 in the first holding member 20, a first abutment 23 and a nose and the second holding member 21, a second abutment 24 and a nose associated with an excessive movement of the lever 18 during the attack of inertial forces, such as when starting a Launcher occur, prevent. The grooves in the lever 18, in which the lugs 23 and 24 engage, are designed such that a rotational movement of the lever 18 without sliding relative movement is possible (rolling contact) and the intact tear-off wire 22 does not hinder the rotational movement, since it at a rotation of the Levers 18 not tense, but relaxed.
    The hook 17 pulls the lever in the drawing (Fig. 10) to the left, while the first holding member 20 on the lever 18 a rightward and the second holding member 21 exerts a leftward force. The force relationships are pronounced non-symmetrical, both the magnitude of the individual forces and their direction. When the tear-off wire 22 of the first holding element 20 is torn off, the lever 18 is released in the direction of the arrow 39 and the lever 18 rotates about the nose 24 (FIG. 13b). When the tear-off wire 22 of the second holding element 21 is torn off, the lever 18 is released in the direction of the arrow 40 and the lever 18 rotates about the nose 23 (FIG. 13c). Recesses 25 in the holding elements 20 and 21 allow a larger angle of rotation of the lever 18. If the tear-off wires 22 of both holding elements 20 and 21 are opened, then the lever 18 can also rotate. An unillustrated thin ribbon which loosens the lever 18, i. with significant clearance and without any bias, connecting to a fixed part, in case of opening both tear-off wires 22, the lever 18 prevents excessive movement in the space.
    In the detail view according to FIG. 15, it can be seen from the example of the second holding element 21 that the contact point 41 of the abutment 24 on the lever 18, the attachment point 42 of the ends of the tear-off wire 22 and the contact point 43 of the tear-off wire 22 on the lever 18 are in the non-released position of the holding element 21 lie substantially in one plane. This results in that the tear-off wire is relaxed during pivoting of the lever 18 and thus exerts no forces on the lever 18, which would lead to undefined sliding movements.
    In FIGS. 14 to 16, the holding element 21 is shown in detail. The holding element is used for mechanical clamping and electrical contacting of the tear-off wire 22 and is formed as a disc shock 11, which is clamped together by the screw 26. With the screw 2 6 is clamped via a washer 27 each end of the Abreißdrahtes 22 between conductive discs 28 and 29 and 30 and 31, wherein a plurality of clamped disks 32, 33 and 34 and a clamped sleeve 38 made of non-conductive material, the electrical insulation and a disc 35 clamped between the insulating discs 33 and 34 has the nose 24 for the support of the lever 18.
    The tear-off wire 22 has a significantly higher mechanical strength than the conductive discs 28 and 29 or 30 and 11 31, whose edges are rounded. One end of the tear-off wire 22 is clamped between the conductive disks 28 and 29, with the one conductive disk 28 being made to simultaneously have an interface 36 for electrical conduction. Since the conductive discs have a much lower mechanical strength than the tear-off wire 22, these deform under the axial clamping force, which is caused by the tightening of the screw 26. The other end of the tear-off wire 22 is clamped between the conductive disks 30 and 31, the conductive disk 30 being made to simultaneously have an interface 37 for electrical conduction. The non-conductive material discs 32, 33 and 34 insulate the electrically conductive discs from each other while the non-conductive material sleeve 38 electrically isolates the screw 26. The sleeve 38 has a rim 44 closing the disc impact. The disc 36 has a nose 24, which forms the abutment for the held with the tear-off wire 22 lever (Fig.10).
    If an electric current through the conductive discs 28 and 31 passed through the tear-off wire 22, it begins to heat up. This reduces its mechanical strength until it fails. After tripping, the tear-off wire 22 must be replaced in order to reuse the disc impact. By adjusting the thickness of all the clamped disks taking into account their respective linear thermal expansion coefficient, a mean linear expansion coefficient of the clamped parts corresponding to that of the screw 26 is achieved. As a result, relative expansions are avoided with temperature change.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    A device (1) for holding and commanded release of a release element {7) of a spacecraft, comprising a split bobbin (2) comprising at least two coil segments (4), wherein at least one coil segment (4) is movable from a first position in FIG a second position is displaceable, wherein the coil segments (4) in the first position hold one end (6) of the element (7) to be released in a holding position and in the second position the end (6) of the element (7) to be released from its holding position a retaining element (5) for holding the coil segments in the first position and a release device (16) for releasing the retaining element, characterized in that the retaining element (5) is formed by a band wound around the coil body (2) in particular helically, which has a rectangular cross-section.
    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the band (5) is wound in a plurality of turns around the bobbin (2), wherein the turns do not overlap each other.
    [3]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the band (5) rests with the longer side of the rectangular cross section on the bobbin (2).
    [4]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the band (5) at one end (15) separably connected to the bobbin (2) and at the other end with the release device (16) is preferably separably connected. 13
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the band (5) consists of a flexurally elastic material.
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the band (5) consists of a work-hardened steel.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the aspect ratio of the longer side to the shorter side of the rectangular cross-section is between 2 and 10. 8. Retaining element for a device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is formed by a helical belt (5) having a rectangular cross-section. 9. Retaining element according to claim 8, characterized in that the band (5) has a plurality of turns which do not overlap each other.
    [8]
    10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the longer side of the rectangular cross section is parallel to the axis (12) of the helix.
    [9]
    11. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the band (5) consists of a flexurally elastic material. 14
    [10]
    12. Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the band (5) consists of a work-hardened steel.
    [11]
    13. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the aspect ratio of the longer side to the shorter side of the rectangular cross section is between 2 and 10. Vienna, on the 16.8.2010 applicant by .; ή Haffno Patent Keschmann laite OG
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    同族专利:
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    AT510027B1|2012-01-15|
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT13722010A|AT510027B1|2010-08-16|2010-08-16|DEVICE FOR HOLDING AND COMMANDED RELEASING A RELEASE ELEMENT OF A SPACE VEHICLE|AT13722010A| AT510027B1|2010-08-16|2010-08-16|DEVICE FOR HOLDING AND COMMANDED RELEASING A RELEASE ELEMENT OF A SPACE VEHICLE|
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